Johann josef loschmidt biography youtube

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Jan or Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, - July 8, ) who referred to himself mostly as 'Josef' (omitting his first name), was a notable Austrian scientist who performed groundbreaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics) and crystal forms.

Born of poor Bohemian farming stock in Po�erny (Putschirn), now part of Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, Loschmidt became professor of physical chemistry at the University of Vienna in

He had two early mentors.

The first was a Bohemian priest, Adalbert Czech, who persuaded Loschmidt's parents to send young Josef to high school in the Piarist monastery in Schlackenwerth and, in , to advanced high-school classes in Prague.

This was followed by two years of philosophy and mathematics at Prague's Charles University, where Loschmidt met his second important mentor.

This was the philosophy professor Franz Exner, whose eyesight was failing, and who asked Loschmidt to be his personal reader.

Johann josef loschmidt biography wikipedia Joseph Loschmidt, German chemist who made advances in the study of aromatic hydrocarbons. He recognized that most aromatic hydrocarbons could be derived from benzene. He was also the first to use double and triple lines to represent double and triple bonds in organic molecules.

Exner was known for his innovative school reforms, which included promoting mathematics and science as important subjects. He suggested to Loschmidt, who became a close personal friend, that he apply mathematics to psychological phenomena. In the process of doing this, he became a very able mathematician.

In , while still a secondary school teacher, Loschmidt determined the size of the molecules in air.

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His booklet, Chemische Studien ("chemical studies"), proposed two-dimensional representations for over molecules in a style [1] remarkably similar to that used by modern chemists. Among these were cyclic molecules such as benzene (C₆H₆ (A.K.A. benzol), and related triazines.

Johann josef loschmidt biography images Jan or Johann Josef Loschmidt (March 15, - July 8, ) who referred to himself mostly as 'Josef' (omitting his first name), was a notable Austrian scientist who performed groundbreaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics) and crystal forms.

Loschmidt's work appeared four years before that of Kekul�, who is better known and is generally credited with the discovery of benzene's cyclic structure. This may be an instance of the Matthew effect.

In , Loschmidt was the first to determine the number of molecules of an ideal gas in 1 cm³.

This is now known as the "Loschmidt number" L = � 10¹⁹ cm^-3.^{[citation needed]}

Later, using Avogadro's result that any gas under the same conditions has the same number of molecules per Mole (unit), Loschmidt determined that number, now called Avogadro's number as being � 10²³ molecules.

This is why on rare occasions this "Avogadro number" is called the "Loschmidt number" in English (in German, though, "Loschmidt'sche Zahl" is the commonly used name).

Loschmidt and his younger university colleague Ludwig Boltzmann became good friends. His critique of Boltzmann's attempt to derive the second law of thermodynamics from kinetic theory became famous as the "reversibility paradox".

It led Boltzmann to his statistical concept of entropy as a logarithmic tally of the number of microscopic states corresponding to a given thermodynamic state.

Loschmidt retired from university in and died in in Vienna.

Johann josef loschmidt biography Johann Josef Loschmidt (15 March – 8 July ), who mostly called himself Josef Loschmidt (omitting his first name), was an Austrian scientist who performed ground-breaking work in chemistry, physics (thermodynamics, optics, electrodynamics), and crystal forms.

His only child had died before him at the age of ten.

References

• Peter M. Schuster: From Curiosity to Passion: Loschmidt's Route from Philosophy to Natural Science, in: W. Fleischhacker and T. Sch�nfeld (Editors): Pioneering Ideas for the Physical and Chemical Sciences, Proceedings of the Josef Loschmidt Symposium, held in Vienna, Austria, June , ; Plenum Press, , New York.

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• John Buckingham: Chasing the Molecule; Sutton Publishing, , Gloucestershire. - ISBN

External links